The Narrowing, but Persistent, Gender Gap in Pay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1543 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Equal pay for equal work. It actually reflects something which is reasonable; it is very hard to extremely believe on that in 2017, we are always talking about the issue of gender pay gap in our society. In the actual sense, there is no any single state across the globe where women do earn the same income as men(Belleet al, pg.111). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Narrowing, but Persistent, Gender Gap in Pay" essay for you Create order One of the cognitive reasons that can be used to explain this is that females tend to study less lucrative courses that lead them to lower paying jobs in the career ladder. In reality, the choice of the stubborn gap is totally an idea of true choice. As this tries to give women a lot of flexibility then leads to lower payment in the society. It is not due to the fact that women take less lucrative courses but it has been evident that if in an organization is made by females and are paid less than no issue to raise but if for the case of men then it would raise alarm in the society. Therefore, if for the ladies who have totally devoted themselves to better-paying courses they end up being paid less. This issue has totally turned to be an issue of concern in the society due to changes in the structure of government, technological progress and also issues that are related to globalization. This conceptual paper explores the issue of gender gap pay in the US. Gender inequality exists in our society though it is not as simple as it is portrayed. The issue of gender takes different perspectives in our society for instance gender, gender roles and eventually gender. Each of the aspect does play a critical role when speaking on issues to do with men and women in the society (Belleet al, pg.112). Sex perspective is actually the biological differences that exist between male and females thus gender is only socially learned behaviors which are fully attached to sexes that make Gender Roles. Gender roles encompass the behaviors as well as attitudes which are expected of people in a particular societal culture. The gender roles are the key drivers of gender inequality in our society. In the actual sense, the gender roles are not determined at the time of birth but they are learned and eventually taught across ones life through the environment he or she associates with and the culture. The gender roles are taught in the environments that an individual is raised and commonly the family. This is due to the fact that a family is responsible for passing values and beliefs that govern the issue of gender in the society(Bolzendahlet al, pg.767). Nevertheless, in the recent times, women have fully turned to be self –sufficient and in the same case independent from the male counterparts from the historical family issues. In the actual sense, the issue of gender inequality has turned to be less common in our modern society. Women at all the time had been fully subjected to different kinds of extreme historical discrimination that greatly influenced the community to decide on the type of occupations that women could occupy. Women have devoted themselves for a good nu mber of years to bridge the gap of discrimination but in actual sense, it seems to persist in the society.   Thus it is essential to try to address the issue in other ways in order to bridge the gap by trying to offer job opportunities on grounds of academic qualification but not on the basis of the societal beliefs(Stieret al, pg.1194). Women in the society have actually been treated as individuals who do not deserve any kind of respect and dignity at large from the institutions as well as the laws that are found in the society. Women in the society are treated as producers, agents of prosperity in the society and eventually sex outlets(Rileyet al, pg.410). Women have fought tirelessly since the 1950s in order to ensure that their role is recognized and the society does not discriminate them at any cost. From the time the issue of civilization took roots in the society, women have totally been playing a secondary role in the community and perceived to be less when compared to men.   In the years of 1970s and 1960s, women from the West fought tirelessly. In 1913, the then president of United States of America-Roosevelt emphasized that the laws that did exist in the society should be the one that did support equality in the society(Rileyet al, pg.415). In other words, the Constitution had to advocate for equality be tween men and women in the society in order to realize economic, social and political development. Despite that, it has been evident that there is a positive correlation between gender discrimination and the rate of poverty in the society and thus to address this issue of poverty we have first to solve the issue of gender inequality in our states. Regardless of the fact that the number of women in higher-paying jobs has significantly increased, women still persist to be overrepresented in occupations that do pay less and this in the actual sense leads to the difference in the pay (Brah, Avtar, and Ann Phoenix, pg.85). According to traditions, the higher positions were actually occupied by men and thus the ladies were totally neglected. This kind of pay gap may as a result of gender discrimination in the society. According to a case study made in the year 2013, it was disclosed that women were more discriminated in job setting. The approximation was 18 percent to 10 percent so it was significant that women were discriminated on grounds of gender thus leading to gender inequality. Despite that, 77 percent and 63 percent of women and men respectively claimed that it was necessary for a state to advocate for changes in the society to bring equality in the work setting. According to a research that was conducted recently, it was revealed that females do contribute approximately 77 cents of every earned dollar and thus it is not good to be discriminate.   Despite that, it was also revealed that the probability of women completing the higher education was high when compared to the males and it was totally irrational to continue to discriminate women in the society on some grounds. Due to the condition that women can perform better in the education system, it is good for them to be paid relevant to their male counterparts(Bolzendahl et al, pg.780).   Therefore, in terms of employment and enumeration, it is good to offer equality of every opportunity in order to create a sense of being in the society. Besides that, the gap of pay should be bridged in order for the ladies to feel being part of the society as a whole. Gender equality in the United States is being passed by the time but in the actual sense, it has built deep roots in the society that i n order to eliminate it is a huge task. It has been witnessed that women are penalized with lower payment as well as fewer promotions after return to the job after they take their time to move and spend with their children as they do work in less paying jobs. Despite in some organization, women are penalized for working part time upon which work pay fall less than an hour of the whole working time. Despite that, the number of women that are working time is compared to their counter parts males. Females do make an approximately 41 percent while men 12 percent. The government of United States is taking all possible ways to close the gender pay gap on the issue of gender equality. In the actual sense, it has risen in the ladder of the countries that are fighting the issue of gender inequality in payment(Brah, Avtar, and Ann Phoenix, pg.76). They have introduced flexible parentage leave in order to cater for the women and not to discriminate them. Despite that, it has increased the total amount of free childcare as an offer fo r the parents who are working in order to put the employers under pressure to cater for that. Despite that, there is a move to increase the total number of women on boards in order to defend the others(Bolzendahlet al, pg.759).   In the actual sense, it is the high time for the government to address the issue of gender inequality and try to get a good number of women into the higher- paying cut institutions in the region. Therefore, the gender pay gap should be addressed by all the means in order to have a society that income is equally distributed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion In the current century we are anyone who tries to claim that women do earn less in the society are not true and no evidence that can support the statement. Everyone can witness that the world is changing day by day and thus the jobs that are available in current world will not be available in 10 years to come (Stieret al, pg.1189). The reason behind women taking what is yours is due to the fact that women are actual product of any given society that does instill in the power of men to be assertive while women are termed to be passive and eventually meek.

Essay about The Causes of American Revolution - 1318 Words

The colonists in America had enjoyed relative freedom from England since they arrived. They came to the New World, after all to escape England, for whatever reasons they may have had-religious, economic, or social. So when England decided in the eighteenth century that they were going to crack down on the colonies, the announcement was not met with open arms. In fact, rebellion was inevitable. Parliament tried to establish power in the New World by issuing a series of laws. The passage of these laws undermined the Colonist’s loyalty to Britain and stirred the Americans to fight for their freedom. The colonies also accepted England’s right to monitor trade. The change of course in 1767 was what really riled the colonies. England began†¦show more content†¦The Colonists started many groups like the â€Å"Sons and Daughters of Liberty† to intimidate the officials, who mandated the Stamp Act. In 1765, Congress met and decided that Parliament can’t tax the colonists or deny their right to a trail by jury. This Congress was the first step towards unity. Merchants of the colonies began to boycott goods from Britain; they made up a big portion of the population, and thus made an impact on England. In 1766, the Stamp Act was revoked, giving the colonists their first victory towards independence. The Declaratory Act was passed which confirmed Par liament’s right to legislate over the colonies always and in all cases. The Parliament had all control over Colonists and had no more excuses except to obey the laws. The colonists wanted to forget the past and move on, they believed their rebellion had made Britain realize importance to the empire. Time went on and the colonists began to realize the whole purpose of the acts was to get them to forget all bought self-ruling. In 1766, a new Prime Minister, William Pitt, was appointed who opposed taxing the colonies. He was in bad health, so the former treasurer Charles Townshend took over. He began to insist that parliament start taxing the colonies again. When protesting for the Quartering Act caused a lot of angry towards parliament,Show MoreRelatedThe Revolution : The Cause Of The American Revolution1898 Words   |  8 Pages The American Revolution was the turning point for the colonies that made up the United States today. It was the war that freed the colonists from British control. But what actually caused the American Revolution? Well, there’s no simple answer to that question. In fact, most of the causes acted as if they were dominoes. These events can be categorized in four periods of time or setting. These groups are, Salutary neglect, Mercantilism, Boston, and Unity of protests. Salutary neglect was the ideaRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1202 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history many revolutions took place, ranging from the unremarkable to a truly memorable, as the French revolution, the American Revolution, and the Bolshevik Revolution, but American revolution took place in 1775-1783. The revolution was different from other revolution because of growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government because American revolution was not like the others. This revolution was not like the others becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution738 Words   |  3 Pagesas the American Revolution, or the Revolutionary War. The American Revolution was a war between the colonists of America and Great Britain and they were fighting over the independence of America from Britain. This war lasted until 1781, when the British surrendered to the Americans, As a result, America is a fully independent country and it has stayed that way since that day. There were many causes of the war, The Stamp Act, th e Boston Tea Party, and Lexington and Concord. The first cause of theRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution880 Words   |  4 Pages The American Revolution is the most important time in all of American history. This brought the birth of a new country and the treasured constitution. In the beginning, colonists were proud to be British. In the years to come, there were small occurrences that bothered the colonists and led to the Revolution. Other countries contributed to the start of a crueller British control. The French and Indian War caused King George III to introduce expensive taxes (Pavao). These taxes came about becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1335 Words   |  6 Pageswere multiple causes for the American Revolution, but the most important was the violation and deprivation of rights from the American People. The American people were faced with multiple acts and taxes that violated and took away their rights. Americans were continuously being taxed after the French and Indian War by acts like the sugar act, the stamp act, the Townshend acts,the tea act, and many more(Hedtke, et al., The Ame rican Saga). Despite all the taxes being placed on the Americans and the thingsRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution886 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution began on April 19, 1775. It was the war between Great Britain and its colonies located in the New World. The colonists, as many historians put it, were like children rebelling against the motherland; however, they had many valid reasons for this revolt, including their desire for freedom and independence. My World History textbook says freedom was falsely promised when the colonists had settled (Krull 868). The more direct causes of this widely known rebellion include taxesRead MoreCauses of the American Revolution953 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Thou Mr. G./ Period 1 September 14, 2012 Causes of the American Revolution The American Revolution began in 1755 as an open conflict between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain. The Treaty of Paris had ended that war in 1783, giving the colonies their own independence. There are many factors contributing to the start of the Revolution, but the war began as the way The Great Britain treated the colonies versus the way the colonies felt they should be treated. For example, the FrenchRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1344 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Revolution The causes of the American Revolution go back to the beginning of salutary neglect and the French and Indian War, as well as changes in the thinking of society. The effects of these events and other factors led to pressure within the colonies, ultimately resulting in rebellion. There were five factors to the nature of the American Revolution: The Environment, The Enlightenment, Self-Government, Economic Independence and Colonial Unity. The first factor that led to the AmericanRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution813 Words   |  4 PagesCauses Before the American Revolution, any imports from England from us had to come in ships owned by the British. Also, we could only sell tobacco and sugar to England. The British took French territory in Canada, east of the Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida which led to the American Revolution. Due to the war, Britain went in debt so, the British government placed taxes on goods so they could make more money. But that’s not all that led to the American Revolution, both the us and the FrenchRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe American revolution was a period in time when tensions began to rise between the people of Great Britain s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government. It took the colonists nearly a decade before they had had enough of the british. The British had tried to increase taxes. With the taxes increasing it caused the colonists to become very upset with the British. Causing them to meet the Britishes taxing by a heated protest about wanting the same rights as other British citizens. It

Bending of an Aluminum beam free essay sample

â€Å"Beams are long straight members that are subjected to loads perpendicular to their longitudinal axis and are classified according to the way they are supported†[1]. When a beam is subjected to an external load there are unseen internal forces within the beam that one must be aware of when implementing it into any design or structure. These internal forces create stress and strain that could result in failure or deformation. This lab looked at how an aluminum cantilevered beam performed under symmetric and unsymmetrical bending as well as the stresses and strains developed as a result. Objectiveâ€Å"To study the stress and strain induced in an I-beam under symmetric and unsymmetrical bending† [2]. Theory: ? – Normal stress (Mpa) ? – Strain (mm/mm) M – Moment (kN†¢m) I – Moment of inertia (mm^6) E – Modulus of elasticity (Mpa) G – Modulus of elasticity (Mpa) v – Poisson’s ratio. L – Length (m) *Subscripts x, y, z indicate plane of reference. We will write a custom essay sample on Bending of an Aluminum beam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The strain rosettes are orientated so that ? b = 0, ? c = -45, and ? a = 45. The strain gauge equations then simplify to ?x = ? b, ? y= ? c+ ? a- ? b, and ? xy = ? c- ? a Using Hooke’s Law: ?x= ? xE, ? y= -v ? x, ? xy=? xyG This Experiment consisted of symmetric and unsymmetrical bending. For symmetric bending the relevant theory is as follows: Because the moment about the z-axis here is zero the equation equates to: Where: My = PLA. When rotated 45 degrees: My = PLA Cos(45) and Mz = PLA Sin(45) there is compressive stress along the y-x axis The moment of inertia about the y-axis is found by determining the inertia of the shape and subtracting the imaginary parts as shown: The max normal stress with be at the furthest distance from the neutral axis which is h/2 therefore: (? x)max = The strains can be found by implementing Hooke’s Law: Since ? y and ? z are zero in symmetric loading, the two equations simplify to:Because the there is no shear stress in the x-y plane when the normal stress is at maximum the shear strain will also be zero. The vertical displacement of the end of the beam is determined by multiplying the area under the moment diagram and the distance between the end and the centroid of the diagram. This equates to: For unsymmetrical bending the th eory is the same however there is a moment about the y-axis and z-axis. This will affect the calculation of the normal stress and the strain in the x and y plane. Also the moment of inertia in the z-direction will need to be determined.Procedure (a) *Mount the I-beam on to the support frame. Make sure the mounting screws are tight. (b) Measure the dimensions of the I-beam including its components. (c) Mount the magnet bases of the dial gauges at appropriate positions to permit the measurements of the deflections at the free end of the beam in the vertical and the horizontal directions. (d) *Connect properly the wires from the strain gauges to the readout unit. (e) Place weights to the hanger in increments: 4, 6, 10, 26, and 42 kg. (f) Unload the hanger in increments in the reversed order as for loading.(g) For each increment, measured the strain readings at the given locations and the vertical and horizontal deflections at the free end of the beam. (h) Repeat steps (a) to (g) by rotating the beam with the following angles: 45 °. [3] Results *Refer to appendix for sample calculation and calculated results. Part 1: I-beam at 0o Loading Loading (Kg) 4 6 10 26 42 Strain Gauge 1 (? ) 1 2 4 12 20 Strain Gauge 2 (? ) 6 10 16 43 69 Strain Gauge 3 (? ) 3 4 7 18 29 Displacement 1 (mm) 0. 09 0. 15 0. 23 0. 44 0. 5 Displacement 2 (mm) -0. 19 -0. 34 -0. 55 -1. 4 -2. 25 Load (N) 39. 2 58. 5 97. 9 255. 5 413. 1Unloading Loading (kg) 42 26 10 6 4 Strain Gauge 1 (? ) 20 10 -3 -5 -7 Strain Gauge 2 (? ) 69 42 19 11 9 Strain Gauge 3 (? ) 29 18 6 3 2 Displacement 1 (mm) 0. 5 0. 49 0. 25 0. 16 0. 07 Displacement 2 (mm) -2. 25 -1. 46 -0. 59 -0. 37 -0. 23 Load (N) 413. 1 255. 6 96. 4 58. 7 39. 2 Part 2: I-Beam at 45o Loading Loading (kg) 4 6 10 26 42 Strain Gauge 1(? ) 1 2 2 7 13 Strain Gauge 2 (? ) 5 9 14 36 54 Strain Gauge 3 (? ) 1 1 2 8 13 Displacement 1 (mm) -0. 33 -0. 50 -0. 79 -1. 88 -2. 75 Displacement 2 (mm) -0. 66 -1. 02 -1. 69 -4. 23 -6. 40 Load (N) 39. 4 58. 7 98. 2 256. 5 413. 6 Unloading Loading (kg)42 26 10 6 4 Strain Gauge 1 (? ) 13 4 -22 -25 -26 Strain Gauge 2 (? ) 54 38 22 20 17 Strain Gauge 3 (? ) 13 6 2 0 0 Displacement 1 (mm) -2. 75 -1. 95 -0. 92 -0. 62 0. 46 Displacement 2 (mm) -6. 40 -4. 46 -2. 17 -1. 51 -1. 15 Load (N) 413. 6 256. 3 98. 1 58. 7 39. 4 Discussion For both the symmetric and unsymmetrical bending the theoretical stresses and strains were greater than experimentally determined ones. However the experimental displacement was much higher than the theoretical displacement. These two factors can lead one to believe the I-beam has undergone this procedure many times before.Another interesting point to note is that the stresses and strains are higher at equivalent loads when unloading demonstrating that there is residual stress in the I-beam even after it has been fully unloaded. For the most part however the measured and theoretical values are very close. It is to be expected that the theoretical stresses would be higher than the experimental values. The theoretical calculations rely on a ‘perfect’ material. The modulus of elasticity and cross-sectional are said to remain the same through the length of the beam which is rarely the case. Minor imperfections in the beam would result in a weaker beam and less stress is required to deflect the beam. This is exactly what has been observed in this experiment. For the symmetric and bending theoretically there would be no horizontal displacement however some horizontal displacement was shown on the readouts. This is most likely due to the slight swaying of the weights. Since the scale of this experiment was relatively small a lot of the sources of error are pretty large. Just by not having the readout computer not calibrated properly or zeroed all the way would cause pretty large discrepancies.Even the measuring or millimeters by eye caused some error. Rounding errors would be relatively small for this experiment. Conclusion In conclusion theoretical and experimental values for stress and strain are very similar to the values observed in experimental conditions. The theoretical and experimental displacements were pretty far off and at larger scales the theoretical values would not be of much use. Closer results could have been obtained by collecting more accurate measurements or by collecting multiple sets of data using a series of strain rosettes. APPENDIX I Sample Calculations Iy= = (Mz)a =(4kg)(9. 81m/s2)(0.77m) =30. 215 Nm (Mz)b =(4kg)(9. 81m/s2)(0. 33m) =12. 95 Nm (? x)a = = = 1. 259 Mpa (? x)b = 0. 5397 Mpa (? b)v = = = -0. 0902 mm ?xy = = = 0. 0398mm (? x)a = = =17. 22*10^-6 (? y)a = -0. 35*(? x)a = 6. 027*10^-6 Experimental Symmetric Mass (Kg) 4 6 10 26 42 26 10 6 4 ?x (E-6) 6 10 16 43 69 42 19 11 9 ?y (E-6) -2 -4 -5 -13 -20 -14 -16 -13 -14 ?xy (Mpa) 2 2 3 6 9 8 9 8 9 (? x) (Mpa) 0. 438 0. 731 1. 17 3. 14 5. 04 3. 07 1. 39 0. 804 0. 657 (? y) (Mpa) -0. 146 -0. 292 -0. 365 -0. 950 -1. 46 -1. 02 -1. 17 -0. 950 -1. 02 ?xy (Mpa) 0. 054 0. 054 0. 081 0. 162 0. 243 0. 216 0. 243 0. 216 0. 243 Theoretical – SymmetricMass(Kg) 4 6 10 26 42 (Mz)a (N†¢m) 30. 2 45. 3 75. 5 196 317 (Mb)b (N†¢m) 12. 9 19. 4 32. 3 84. 1 135 (? x)a (Mpa) 1. 25 1. 88 3. 12 8. 13 13. 1 (? x)b (Mpa) 0. 536 0. 804 1. 34 3. 48 5. 62 ?xy (Mpa) 0. 0398 0. 0598 0. 0996 0. 258 0. 418 (? x)a (E-6) 17. 1 25. 7 42. 8 111 179 (? x)b (E-6) 7. 33 11. 0 18. 3 47. 6 77. 0 (? y)a (E-6) -5. 99 -8. 98 -14. 9 -38. 9 -62. 8 (? y)b (E-6) -2. 57 -3. 85 -6. 41 -16. 6 -26. 9 ?a (mm) 0. 0902 0. 135 0. 225 0. 586 0. 947 ?b (mm) 0. 00710 0. 0106 0. 0177 0. 0461 0. 0745 Experimental –Unsymmetrical Bending Mass (Kg) 4 6 10 26 42 26 10 6 4 (? x) (E-6) 5 9 14 36 54 38 22 20 17 (? y) (E-6)-3 -6 -10 -21 -28 -28 -42 -45 -43 ?xy (E-6) 0 -1 0 1 0 2 24 25 26 (? x) (Mpa) 0. 366 0. 658 1. 02 2. 63 3. 95 2. 78 1. 61 1. 46 1. 24 (? y) (Mpa) -0. 219 -0. 439 -0. 731 -1. 54 -2. 05 -2. 05 -3. 07 -3. 29 -3. 14 Theoretical – Unsymmetrical Bending Mass (Kg) 4 6 10 26 42 (Mz,y)a (N†¢m) 21. 3 32. 0 53. 4 138 224 (Mz,y)b (N†¢m) 9. 15 13. 7 22. 9 59. 5 96. 1 (? x) (Mpa) 0. 381 0. 572 0. 954 2. 48 4. 00 (? y) (Mpa) -1. 40 -2. 10 -3. 51 -9. 12 -14. 7 (? x) (E-6) 5. 22 7. 83 13. 1 33. 9 54. 8 (? y) (E-6) 1. 83 2. 74 4. 57 11. 9 19. 2 ?x-y (mm) 0. 0902 0. 135 0. 225 0. 586 0. 946 ?x-z (mm) 0. 391 0. 587 0. 978 2. 54 4. 11

Writing Tips to Make Your Essay Stand Out

The school essay needs to catch the eye of a confirmations reader. It is essential, at that point, that the prologue to the school paper pick the readers consideration and make the reader need to peruse more. There are diverse approaches to snatch a reader by . Take a stab at the beginning with an inquiry. Start with excellent articulation. Utilize an interesting statement. Put the reader in medias res that is, amidst things. Place the reader highly involved with something occurring or amidst a discussion. Test the reader by talking straightforwardly to him/her. Tell the reader what you would prefer not to do in your composition. Now and again even a solitary word that stands as a section can make the reader ponder and read on. Try not to be just one more of thousands of candidates that dont establish a connection. On the off chance that you are perusing a daily paper essay, the author blurs behind the actualities, and you dont know anything about the essayist aside from that s/he can gather, sort out, and present the realities that you have to now. You need the affirmations reader to state, Ah, this is an excellent individual composition to me. That implies you ought to compose with voice, that is, you have to form with your very own identity. Genuineness, humor, talking the manner in which you communicate, demonstrating the way in which you think, all assistance to make a voice. Dates should look great, as well. You can make your exposition lovely by offering thought to a couple of things. Utilize a textual style that is clear. Consider regardless of whether big compose face could make your paperless demanding to peruse. Try not to swarm your paper close to the highest point of the page, yet balance it on the page and take care of calming edges. Give the essay provoke at the opening. Isolate sections reliably, either by indenting each passage or by utilizing square style, holding every one of the words to one side edge, however, dispersing additional between passages. If there is a lot of mix-ups in your exposition, it cannot be lovely. Ensure you have spelled everything accurately. Ensure your fundamental accentuation is right. Did you isolate discourse effectively from whatever is left of your content? Did you utilize capitalization accurately? If you take a gander at things a little uniquely in contrast to others, you emerge. In noting an essay provoke, you require not generally do it the most ordinary way. Imagine a scenario where you were to adopt the negative strategy to answer the provoke. What are your expectations? Possibly you can tell what your expectations are by composing what you dont seek after. You may even cover your response by going for essay writing services or in a decent story or even in a depiction. Maybe you can make a little riddle by not noting the provoke quickly. What do you need to contemplate? Perhaps you could uncover that in the last sentence of your incite in the wake of telling about all the easily overlooked details that have some pertinence to your territory of study. For instance, you may portray diverse characteristic vegetation, watch fauna, at that point list emotion you have about nature to pave the way to composing that you need to think about science. is one of the best essay writing services in USA. Place your order now!

Tin Hedgehog Experiment - Grow Tin Metal Crystals

Tin Hedgehog Experiment - Grow Tin Metal Crystals Metal crystals are intricate and beautiful. They are also surprisingly easy to grow. In this experiment, learn how to grow tin crystals that display a spiky appearance that make them look like a metal hedgehog. Tin Hedgehog Materials 0.5 M tin(II) chloride solution (SnCl2)zinc pellettest tube or vial that is larger in diameter than the zinc The rounded hedgehog shape forms around a pellet of zinc, but you can substitute any chunk of zinc metal. Since the reaction occurs at the surface of the metal, you may also use a galvanized (zinc coated) object in place of the zinc pellet. Grow a Tin Hedgehog Pour tin chloride solution into a vial. Dont fill it up all the way because you need room for the zinc.Add the zinc pellet. Set the vial somewhere stable, so it wont get bumped or jarred.Watch the delicate tin crystals grow! Youll see the beginning of a spiky hedgehog shape in the first 15 minutes, with good crystal formation within an hour. Be sure to take pictures or video of the crystals for later, since the tin hedgehog wont last. Eventually, the weight of the fragile crystals or movement of the container will collapse the structure. The bright metallic shine of the crystals will dull over time, plus the solution will turn cloudy. Chemistry of the Reaction In this experiment, tin(II) chloride (SnCl2) reacts with zinc metal (Zn) to form tin metal (Sn) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) via a substitution or single displacement  reaction: SnCl2   Zn → Sn ZnCl2 Zinc acts as a reducing agent, giving electrons to the tin chloride so that the tin is free to precipitate.  The reaction begins at the surface of the zinc metal. As the tin metal is produced, atoms stack on top of each other in a characteristic form or allotrope of the element. The fern-like shape of the zinc crystals is a characteristic of that metal, so while other types of metal crystals may be grown using this technique, they wont display the same appearance. Grow a Tin Hedgehog Using an Iron Nail Another way to grow tin crystals is using zinc chloride solution and iron. Unless you use a round chunk of iron, you wont get a hedgehog, but you can get the crystal growth, just the same. Materials iron wire or nail0.1 M tin chloridetest tube Note: You dont need to make up a new tin chloride solution. If you have solution from the reaction with zinc, you can use that. The concentration mainly affects how quickly the crystals grow. Procedure Suspend the iron wire or nail in a test tube containing tin chloride.After about an hour, crystals will start to form. You can examine these with a magnifying glass or by removing the wire and looking at the crystals under a microscope.Allow the iron to remain in the solution overnight for more/larger crystals. Chemical Reaction Once again, this is a  simple displacement chemical reaction: Sn2   Fe → Sn Fe2 Safety and Disposal As always, its good practice to wear safety goggles and gloves when performing chemistry experiments.When you have finished the experiment, you can rinse the chemicals down the drain with water. Learn More Use a magnifying lens to compare tin crystals grown on the zinc and iron surfaces.You may wish to experiment with how changing the concentration of the zinc chloride solution or temperature of the solution affects the crystal growth rate and appearance.Try to grow other metal crystals using this technique. Keep in mind the resulting crystals might not resemble a hedgehog. To choose a subject, find a metal salt that is soluble in water, does not oxidize too quickly in air, yet can react with zinc or iron (or other metal) to form crystals. The metal needs to be more reactive than tin or the substitution wont proceed.  Its also a good idea to consider the toxicity of the metal, for personal safety and chemical disposal. You can consult the solubility rules to select good candidates for further experimentation. Sources Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (1985). Tin. Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie (in German) (91–100 ed.). Walter de Gruyter. pp. 793–800. ISBN 3-11-007511-3.Schwartz, Mel (2002). Tin and Alloys, Properties. Encyclopedia of Materials, Parts and Finishes (2nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 1-56676-661-3.

Goffmans definition of stigma is still useful in 2011

Goffmans definition of stigma is still useful in 2011 According to Goffman (1963, p. 89), social stigma is a process whereby reactive approach from society destroys the existing normal identity of a person. The author further defines social stigma as a process of disapproving personal characteristics and beliefs which are considered to be against societal norms and beliefs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Goffmans definition of stigma is still useful in 2011 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Goffman in his work identifies three types of stigma. To begin with, he explores life long experience which may result from mental illness. The second aspect is that he attempts to address physical deformity or distinct traits which are undesired. Lastly, the aspect of associating an individual with certain beliefs, race or religions which are undesired in society has also been given special consideration by Goffman. Therefore, his definition of stigma can be viewed in different pers pectives depending on how he presents each element that makes up the whole definition. The author further divides relationship between an individual and stigma into three distinct groups. Firstly, the stigmatized are those individuals who suffer from the effects of stigma while normal individuals in society are those who do not bear the stigma. His third category consists of people who are wise and are considered normal even by those who have been stigmatized. These three categories are indeed very important when exploring significance of stigma in contemporary age. While his theory and concept on stigma may to a large extent be disputed by other scholars, it is still imperative to note that the author, to a large extent, offers the right direction towards understanding stigma. Needless to say, this may be an important step in the right direction even in 2011 when societal stigma on various aspects is still dominant. In modern society, stigma can be associated with necessity to be p owerful whether politically, economically or socially. However, in some circumstances, the role played by power can be clear while in some situations it may lack clarity. For instance, inmates often undergo stigma related experiences as a result of power that is associated with the institution. Thus, prisoners will be stigmatized on the basis that they are feeling powerless since they are being guarded. However, according to Goffman’s theory, the prisoners’ situation may not be equated to true stigmatization bearing in mind that they do not experience social, economic or political power in this situation. In addition, their thoughts are hardly directed towards the guards and hence, they are not seriously affected by the impact of stigmatization.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Goffman (1963, p.45), the aspect of stigma takes place when a pers on is considered deviant and linked with certain stereotypes which may be negative in nature. The present society still applies Goffman’s theory to illuminate how individuals are trying to manage their identities that are being perceived as undesirable in the presence of those who are normal. For instance, the model is still applied by individuals who have certain diseases such as HIV/AIDS which for a long time, has been considered as a deviant ailment associated with those who are sexually immoral. Therefore, HIV/AIDS patients try to manage their predicament even if they are disqualified from society by those individuals that Goffman termed as wise. However, Estroff (1989, p.189) argues that Goffman’s focus on the aspect of stigma is not fixed or inherent enough; the focus is a mere difference of meaning or experience faced by an individual (Goffman, 1963, p.53). Goffman also defined stigma as an aspect that violates the expectations of society in both natural and ord inary settings among certain groups of people. According to the author, an individual who has attributes which are considered less desirable and are out of what the society expects is considered tainted or stigmatized in terms of identity. Goffman argued that individuals with tainted identities have to be very cautious while presenting themselves in public. In addition, they need to critically determine the god or bad attribute to either hide or reveal to other individuals in certain circumstances (Estroff, 1989, p.190). In present world, the society expects heterosexual adults to get an ideal mate and get married. Therefore, failure to achieve this may be considered to be abnormal and not acceptable in society. Moreover, individuals who have attained certain age are expected to find a partner and start up a family and therefore those who fail to achieve this are considered to be having an attribute that is less desirable in the society. Nonetheless, in the society, there are still uniformly ingrained expectations of things that are considered natural and ordinary for individuals who decide to remain single even after attaining certain age (Fine Asch, 1988, p.21). The process of finding a mate should also meet the expectations of the society by being natural and normal.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Goffmans definition of stigma is still useful in 2011 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, aspects such as online dating which have become common in the 21st century are some instance that illustrates the usefulness of Goffman’s theory of stigma. Individuals who date online are considered to be violating the expected dating practices as they meet their potential mates online and thus they have a tainted identity which is double in nature. On the basis of Goffman’s theory, there is tainted identity as online daters face stigmatization from the society (Heatherton et al., 2000, p. 47). Additionally, Goffman’s theory has been used and is still useful in current researches on modern social stigma especially on diseases that are associated with social stigma. Sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS, psychiatric disorders and other physical disabilities are among diseases that are being researched and correlated to stigma using Goffman’s theory. For instance epilepsy is one of the neurological disorders associated with quite a number of social stigmas. For example, a study carried out by Chung-yan in Hong Kong used the model to carry out a research on public attitudes on individuals who have epilepsy. Therefore, the theory has been used by researchers to identify ways of handling and dealing with stigma. For example, the findings from the research have been used to formulate recommendations on ways of strengthening the system of rehabilitation centers not only in Hong Kong but also in other parts of the world. The theory has also been used to eliminate stigmas that are associated with mental illness (Goffman, 1959, p.78). Studies on HIV/AIDS have also used the theory in tackling stigma that is associated with the disease. It has been used with the aim of evaluating the impact of stigma on care and prevention of HIV/AIDS. Medical practitioners and counselors apply the theory in their daily activities to sensitize individuals on the diseases and avoid stigma. Thus, the theory has been individuals to come out in open and declare their status an aspect that have helped in curbing the spread of the disease (Anleu, 2006, p.34) A study carried out by Marshall, Douglas and McDonnell (2007, p. 67) evaluated some of the effects of stigma. It made use of Goffman’s theory in a study that consisted 210 people. Using the theory, the study found out that individuals who had high level of concerns regarding to their status did not respond and adhere to the medication while those who had low concerns regarding to the same adhered to their medications and other counseling services regarding their status. Therefore, the theory is still being used in 2011 to understand reasons why individuals who are HIV positive abscond the drugs or spread the disease or refuse to embrace voluntary testing services. Moreover, the theory has been used to explain why individuals are not usually ready to reveal their status to others. This is because these individuals are more sensitive to social stigma (Link Phelan, 2008, p.45)Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, the aforementioned social stigma in Goffman’s theory in 2011 is still being associated with certain diseases and the effects of the stereotypes impact on people negatively. Furthermore, regardless of the nature of the stigma whether it impacts them negatively or positively the perceptions of individuals are usually altered regardless of the situation. Thus, the theory has been used and is still used in 2011 to create mutual understanding of stigma through education in order to eliminate it. Furthermore the Goffman’s theory has been used to classify different categories of stigma. For instance, according to Goffman (1963, p. 77), stigma takes the form of a disease or condition, obesity, dating types, gender, culture and even race. The theory has also been used to indicate how individuals who have been stigmatized feel that their lives is been changed from a normal to that which is tainted. The theory has also been used to individuals feel devalued and differe nt by their peers (Cardwell Flanagan, 2003, p.77). This has been used to address various occurrences in families, criminal justice systems, education, health care and workplace centers. Link and Phelan (2008, p.45) further point out that Goffman’s theory has been used to explain reasons why people are being affected by stigma. For example, people who are stigmatized, in most cases, tend to behave the way society that stigmatized them expects. Thus, the theory has been used and is still being used to explain how stigma not only changes behavior of individuals but also transforms their beliefs and emotions. Finally, it can be argued that the theory has been used to explain how stigma puts the social identity of people in situations that are threatening such as low self-esteem (Plummer, 1975, p.88). In summing up, it is imperative to reiterate that Goffman’s theory on social stigma may not be dismissed in totality in spite of some of the differences in thought that may b e evident when interpreting his arguments. As already mentioned, there are quite a number of infirmities that are still being associated with this theory especially in light of common stereotyping that is prevalent in society. It is also worthy to mention that irrespective of the nature of stigma, perceptions and feelings of individuals are usually transformed to some degree, in the sense that stigma may affect individuals either positively or negatively. Hence, Goffman’s theory on this subject is still relevant up to date. References Anleu, S. L. R. 2006. Deviance, Conformity and Control, New York: Pearson Longman. Cardwell, M. Flanagan, C.2003. Psychology A2: the complete companion. London: Nelson Thornes. Estroff, S.E. 1989. Self, identity and subjective experiences of schizophrenia: in search of the subject. Schizophrenia Bulletin 15:189-196. Fine, M, Asch, A. 1988. Disability beyond stigma: social interaction, discrimination, and activism. Journal of Social Issues 44:3 -22. Goffman, E. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Anchor. Goffman,E, 1963. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New York. Prentice-Hall. Heatherton, T. F et al. 2000. The Social Psychology of Stigma, Melbourne: Guilford Press. Link, B. G. Phelan, J. C. 2008. ConceptualizingStigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 363-85. Marshall, H., Douglas, K. McDonnell, D. 2007. Deviance and Social Control: Who Rules? Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Plummer, K. 1975. Sexual stigma: an interactionist account, New York: Routledge.

Artist Statement Visual Arts and Film Studies Personal Statement

Artist Visual Arts and Film Studies - Personal Statement Example Growing up, I always felt confined to rigid thought patterns and strict behavioral expectations. I had to live the way people around me desired, not how I wanted. Added to this was my position as a woman in a highly patriarchal society. I recognize that success would only come from struggle and commitment. My mother once told me that when I was a little girl, she never noticed when I was around because I was introspective, and was always drawing. While my interests and experience has grown significantly since this formative period, I recognize many elements of myself in this early incarnation. Today I remain introspective and committed to art. For me, artistic expression now helps me articulate my feelings and work towards personal development and self-discovery. This is why I love the art of Frida Kahlo. She tells stories about herself and reveals the beauty in this truth. I always care to tell something in my art. I like to draw characters that reflect aspects of my personality â⠂¬â€œ I want my art to speak and to tell the truth. I also recognize that oftentimes things are not black and white; in these instances, art allows me to confront my struggles. When I consider broader issues in my life, I recognize I believe that there is nothing more beautiful than imagination. Without imagination the world’s problems cannot be tackled. ... Psychodynamic theory contends that childhood experiences influence later personal development and motivation. While I am no psychologist, I oftentimes consider that my controlled and restrictive childhood greatly influenced my artistic desire for self-expression. Throughout high school in Kuwait I yearned to simply write my opinion in an essay, yet I always was restricted to what my teacher thought. I remember watching a program about cartooning when I was a child and told my mother that is what I wanted to do with my life. I would dream about becoming an animator and construct stories to songs I would hear. My father was largely indifferent to my aspirations, instead he emphasized math. Still I persisted in my aspirations and still have a dream of becoming an animator. Each time I watch one of my favorite animated films, such as Spirited Away, Triplets of Belleville, or Tim Burton’s Corpse Bride, I get inspired about animation. I’m applying to California Institute of t he Arts because of its outstanding Master Degree in Animation program. After researching the program I came to recognize that I would make an excellent fit at your institution and strongly contribute to the artistic environment. Specifically, I appreciate your institution’s emphasis on self-express and diversity of study. I’m familiar with many student films made at your institution and appreciation their process and aesthetic quality. I recognize that many of my artistic conceptions could find expression in such an environment – I have an abundance of plans and projects that I want to bring to life. Being half Arab and half Persian, I have a diverse cultural background that

Planning Marketing Tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Planning Marketing Tools - Essay Example (Brooksbank, 1996). It is often argued that there is a no need for having a formalized marketing department which can prepare the marketing plans for the firms however, as the complexity of the business grow, it becomes necessary that the marketing a process is managed properly with special emphasis on the alignment of marketing process with the overall strategy of the firm. It is because of this fact that firms are often required to prepare effective and practical marketing plans. The formation of marketing plans however, requires that the firms should follow typical process that enables firms to prepare marketing plans that are implementable and flexible enough to allow firms to achieve their strategic objectives. This is one of the most important stages for the formation of an effective marketing plan. At this stage, the overall mission and corporate objectives and values are decided and all the subsequent steps therefore correspond with the overall goals set for the firm. Mission Statement and Corporate Objectives set the long term vision for the firm and how it is going to achieve its objectives over the period of time. Marketing plan therefore shall be prepared keeping in view the overall objectives and mission of the firm. Analysis of the current situation involves performing marketing audit. The Marketing audit is another important step that is taken by the firm and also involves SWOT, PEST; Five Forces are some of the tools which are used for assessing the external environment t so that a better understanding of the environment within which the firm is operating can be understood. A detailed SWOT analysis allows firm to evaluate its different strength and weaknesses besides indentifying the core competencies of the firm. SWOT analysis also allow firms to match its strengths with its overall strategic objectives i.e. whether the firm has enough core competencies to achieve its

VHS is dead, long live DVD Essay Example for Free

VHS is dead, long live DVD Essay This statement can be looked at in two ways, either true or false. People that would say that this statement is false would mostly be for nostalgic reasons. I myself feel that this is true because technology is evolving minute by minute, and the future is key to technology. Although I think that its good to have new technology, it also means that more and more people will be taken advantage of. This will not just be the consumer, as prices are very high, but the poor exploited Asian communities that will be paid less than a dollar a day. Apart from this I do think that the digital versatile disc is the way forward for our viewing needs. The acronym DVD stands for Digital Versatile Disc. Each word is key in showing how VHS is dead and that the DVD is the future. The Disk is the future because unlike a video, it is not at all bulky and is only 120mm wide, where as a video is 187.5mm. This obviously means that the way we view films, music etc is getting smaller and also means that it will continue to decrease in size. Even though a video is larger than a disc it does not mean that it holds more memory, in fact a disc holds seven times more memory than a video, which is the main reason the DVD has taken on. The word Digital has great benefit over the VHS because videos are predominantly analogue and all DVDs are digital. This is a great advantage for the consumer because people would rather watch something digitally, than something analogue. The word Versatile is the solution to how we interact with our TV. They way it is versatile is by holding so much more information and the ease with which the consumer can range through what is on offer. The DVD has the versatility to view special feature for example commentary and deleted scenes, and it also has the versatility to select the scene you want with the easy touch of a button. The new step of the DVD is the format of DVD-RW otherwise known as recordable DVDs. This is much like VHS videos because it uses blank disks and you can record what you want onto them. The film industry is not for the DVD-RW format because a DVD has copyright on it, which makes it illegal to copy. As it stands, anyone can log onto a powerful computer and by using the right software can gain the file of codes of which a film comprises of, and by using another piece of software known as DivX can reproduce the film. All videos have one thing in common which is their downfall to DVD, it is that cassettes use a magnetic tape. Every time a tape is played it becomes worn, and the tape gets stretched ever so slightly. This wear damages the tape so much its eventually made un-useable. Also due to the size of the tape there is a smaller amount of data that a tape can hold, this is not to be confused with the length of tape, but the added features, in particular, sound. With sound the videocassette can only reproduce Nicam stereo through the lines which make up your TV screen. Nicam stereo is not true stereo but an effect which falls you into thinking its stereo. If you were to hook your TV up to a stereo system you would be able to hear that its not true stereo. Cassettes are bulky, take up more space and brake. The VHS player/recorder is also unreliable with the main part being the clutch-cam the main failure and the reasons for chewed tapes. DVDs are far more flexible with ease of use and added featured data can be stored on the disc, together with the video, text, language, sound types, and information. The most notable extra feature for the ordinary person is the sound options from Nicam to Dolby stereo to Surround Sound 5.1. 5.1 allow the makers of the DVD to produce cinema quality sound, and better with five strategically placed speakers and a base box, providing sound quality from the comfort of your own home. A big bonus for the DVD maker is one DVD for a region, you dont have to make a German, an Italian and any other number of languages as this is all on one DVD. With DVDs there are several regions due to various reasons. The two main reasons are region 1 North America and Japan (NTC) and region 2 Europe (PAL). There are other regions and they have nothing to do with the TV system used. Region 1 normally receives the DVD first due to actual release dates of the film. Region 2 is the next region for film release, which is why the format is changed from Region 1. That is you would be able to buy a Region 1 DVD before film release in Region 2, and therefore you would not visit the cinema. As the DVD is a digital format it is easier to break the region code. This can be done via hardware or software, these are known as multi-regional DVD players. You can buy multi-regional DVD players although they are not advertised, but the only way you can watch a Region 1 DVD on your TV by having a digital TV, this looks at the digital content and not the format (NTC/PAL) of the signal. Another advantage is the use of the pause/slow motion functions. They produce perfect pictures on the TV because they are a digital signal and therefore are decoded in the DVD players digit by digit. There is no tape being streched on the pause button, only a pause on the digital coding.

Know Thy Reader Essay -- Analysis, Letter from Birmingham Jail

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail" is a defense of the kind of non-violent direct action that King promoted and used during the civil rights movement of the 1950s and '60s. It is a response to statements of disapproval made by the clergymen of Birmingham, Alabama, and is obviously written in a way that appeals directly to this audience. King uses his knowledge of this audience's identity to design highly targeted arguments and to choose relevant historical examples for citation, and uses his personal experience in writing sermons and speeches to construct moving sermon-like passages that complement and reinforce his arguments. The arguments' basis in terms that the clergymen will find to be familiar and agreeable, in combination with sympathy evoking references to historical events, is particularly effective in causing the clergymen to seriously reconsider their statements. The strategy that stands out the most is King's usage of religious references. He supports his arguments with passages from the Bible and statements or philosophies put forth by prominent theologians, such as St. Thomas Aquinas. The clergy is very familiar with these sources. Their entire belief system is based on them! By using these sources as a basis for his arguments, King makes it very difficult for the clergy to disagree with the reasoning behind his actions. For example, in response to the accusation that he and other protesters are "outside agitators," he references the story of Paul of Tarsus's mission to spread Christianity: "†¦just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco-Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own h... ...rtight cage of poverty in the midst of an affluent society†¦. then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait† (166-167). In other words, he uses passages like these to â€Å"drive the point home.† As a whole, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† is a thorough and well-executed defense of non-violent protest. Even readers who do not need to be persuaded, readers who are already in general agreement with non-violent methods of protest, will still find deep insights into how this form of protest works (such as the concept of â€Å"negative peace† (169)), and why it is necessary. King combines the strategy of appealing to the audience's identity in various ways, powerful passages that reinforce arguments, and some general deductive reasoning and insight to construct an argument that is very clear, rational, and effective in explaining and defending non-violent direct action.

Domestic vs International Trade

Domestic Vs International Trade Mohammad Tariqul Islam Domestic Trade: Trade among parties in the same country. Domestic trade is the exchange of goods, services, or both within the confines of a national territory. They are always aimed at a single market. It always deal with only one set of competitive, economic, and market issues. The trading is always with a single set of customers all the time, though the company may have several segments in a market. Finally local trade or home trade or Domestic trade may be sub-divided into Wholesale trade, and Retail trade.International Trade: Trade among parties residing in different countries. International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). While international trade has been present throughout much of history, its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in rece nt centuries. Some difference between International trade and local or domestic tradeInternational trade is in principle not different from  domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade do not change fundamentally regardless of whether trade is across a border or not. The main difference is that international trade is typically more costly than domestic trade. The reason is that a border typically imposes additional costs such as  tariffs, time costs due to border delays and costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system or culture.Another difference between domestic and international trade is that  factors of production  such as capital and  labour  are typically more mobile within a country than across countries. Thus international trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and services, and only to a lesser extent to trade in capital, labor or other factors of production. Advantages and Disadvantages of international Trade Advantage of international trade †¢ Monetary gains to the respective country indulging in trade. †¢ More variety of goods available for consumers. †¢ Better quality of goods. Competition both at the international level as well as local level. †¢ Closer  ties  between nations. †¢ More exchange of technical know-how. †¢ Local producers will try to improve the quality of their products. †¢ Increase in  employment  locally. Disadvantage of international trade †¢ Local production may suffer †¢ Local industries may be overshadowed by their international competitors †¢ Rich countries may influence political matters in other countries and gain control over weaker nations. †¢ Ideological differences may emerge between nations with regard to the procedures in trade practices. Read also Recording General Fund Operating Budget and Operating TransactionsInternational trade is beneficial to world economy. It adds to the money coffers of the world at large. Every country can benefit monetarily if it is able to dispose off its surplus goods after meeting the requirements of the local people. Key differences: †¢ International trade is, in principle, not different from domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade do not change fundamentally regardless of whether trade is across a border or not. †¢ The main difference is that international trade is typically more costly than domestic trade.The reason is that a border typically imposes additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to border delays and costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system or culture. †¢ Another difference between domestic and international trade is that factors of production such as capital and labor are ty pically more mobile within a country than across countries. †¢ Thus international trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and services, and only to a lesser extent to trade in capital, labor or other factors of production.Trade in goods and services can serve as a substitute for trade in factors of production. †¢ Within a country labour and capital moves freely to get maximum returns. These factors of production do not move with such freedom among different countries due to differences in culture, climate, language, customs and political restrictions imposed by regulatory authorities. This immobility gives rise to wage and interest differentials among countries. †¢ Different currency system introduces additional cost and risk in international trade as the value of currencies is constantly subject to variations. As long distances involved transport costs for international transactions are higher than for domestic trades. Home trade is called domestic trade in some countries. These are the differences as seen by me. 1. For home trades, payments could be made in home currency only. Foreign trades are to be paid invariably in convertible currencies. 2. Home trades generally have no restrictions of movement within the country. In international trade, there are restrictions as to movement of specific goods to specified countries. 3. Home trades have taxes levied by the Government and local bodies.International trades have levies called customs duties. These invariably go to the Federal Government. 4. Documents for domestic trades are comparatively simple and easy to understand and follow. Foreign trades have a different set of documents which must be filed in every case. 5. Insurance of consignments sent on foreign trade are compulsory; in home trade it is optional. 6. Usually, foreign trades are preceded by payment or promises of payment made by international foreign exchange traders (also called Letters of Credit. In domestic trades, payments a re realised usually after the trade is executed. Depending on the credit rating of the parties concerned, even a simple promise is not taken. Letters of Credit in domestic trades is not common but not ruled out. 7. Credibility of parties can be got verified in foreign trades through the trade representatives of the countries involved in the transaction. 8. On receipt of consignment at a foreign country, the documents are handed over to the buyers only after payment is realised.Thereafter, the Banks concerned remit the payments to the sellers through normal international banking channels. In respect of domestic trades, bankers may or may not be the intermediaries. Payments can be directly sent to the sellers by the buying party. 9. Under the United Nation's charter, goods prohibited for specific countries cannot be sent to them by member countries. Penalties extending to boycott of trade with that country may follow. In domestic trades, such prohibitions do not exist. (Example: selli ng atomic energy raw materials to Iran, Iraq etc. 10. International trades are further government by agreements between member countries of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Domestic or home trades are not subject to such agreements. An international business is a business whose activities are carried out across national borders. This differs from a domestic business because a domestic business is a business whose activities are carried out within the borders of its geographical location. A domestic company is one that confines its activities to the local market, be it city, state, or the ountry it is in. It deals, generally, with one currency, local customs and cultures, business laws of commerce, taxes and products and services of a local nature. The international company, on the other hand deals with businesses and governments in one or more foreign countries and is subject to treaties, tariffs. currency rates of exchange, politics, cultural differences, taxes, fees, and pe nalties of each country it is doing business in. It may also be conducting business in it's home country, but the emphasis is on trading in the international marketplace.Differences between Domestic and International Trade International Trade: The exchange of goods and services between countries is called International Trade. Inter-Regional Trade: The exchange of goods and services with in a country is called Inter-regional Trade. Differences between International and Inter-regional Trade and need for a separate theory: A number of things which make difference between international and inter-regional are given as under. We can understand from these reasons that it gives rise to a separate theory of international trade. . Factor Mobility: Labour and capital as factor of production do not move freely from one country to another country as they do with in the same country. Thus labour and capital are regarded as immobile between countries while they are perfectly mobile within a countr y. Adam Smith said â€Å"Man is of all forms of luggage, the most difficult to transport†. Differences in cost of production can not be removed by moving and money. The result is the movement of goods. On the contrary between regions with in the same olitical boundaries, people distribute themselves more or less according to the opportunities. Real wages and standard of living tend to seek a common level though they are not wholly uniform as between national these differences continue to persist and check population movements. Capital also does not move freely from one country to another country. 2. Different Currencies: Each country has a different currency. Buying and selling between nations give rise to complications absent in internal trade. This hampers smooth flow of trade as between one country and another country.A large number of foreign exchange problems arise in number of foreign trade which are non-existent in inter-regional trade. 3. Different National Policies: Different needs lead countries to pursue divergent national policies and not only with respect to foreign exchange rates. National Policies differ in a wide matter of domestic matters affecting international economic relations, wages, prices, competition, investment, business regulation etc and often involve interference directly in international economic intercourse in tarrifs, exchange controls, non-tarrif barriers and the like. . Different Political Circumstances: Mostly countries differ in political circumstances. In inter-regional trade, trade takes place among same people. But international trade takes place among people of different cultures, habits and languages. These cultural distinctions between markets, important in the absence of different national measures have led political scientists to take look at the nature of countries. 5. Difference in National Resources: Different countries are endowed with different type of natural resources.They tend to specialise, in the pro duction of those commodities in which they are richly endowed and trade them with others where such resources are scare. 6. Geographical and climatic differences: Every country cannot produce and commodities due to geographical and climatic conditions, except at possibly prohibitive costs. Countries having climatic and geographical advantage specialise in the production of particular commodities and trade them with others. 7. Different Markets: International markets are different in various aspects.Even the system of weights and measures and pattern and styles in machinery and equipment differ from country to country. Goods which are traded within regions may not sold in other countries. This is why in great many cases products to be sold in foreign countries are especially designed to confirm to the national characteristics of that country. 8. Problem of Balance of Payments: The problem of balance of payments is perpetual in international trade while regions with in a country have no such problem. 9. Restrictions on Trade: Trade between different countries is not free.There are restrictions imposed by custom duties, exchange restrictions, fixed quotas or other tarrif barriers. 10. Ignorance: Differences in culture, language and religion stand in the way of free communication between different countries. In inter-regional trade labour and capital freely moves about. These factors too make internal trade different from international trade. 11. Transport and Insurance Costs: The cost of transport and insurance also check the free international trade. The greater the distance between the two countries the greater the cost and insurances.

A Woman’s Place Essay

â€Å"Don’t read so much, he said, don’t study; get yourself good and tired out with homework, take exercise. He believes that her troubles would clear up if she got married. He believes this in spite of the fact that most of his nerve medicine is prescribed for married women. † The primary theme of Meneseteung by Alice Munro is the role of women in times of Victorian traditions and standards. The narrator, who is never identified, explains tasks and qualities that differentiate a real, marriageable woman from an outcast from society. The main character in this story is Almeda Joynt Roth, a respectable woman who has become famous in her small town for her poetry book. She has earned respect and admiration amongst others in the town for her works, but has also been criticized as a woman’s literary ambitions were thought to be hobby rather than vocation. Roth yearns to marry Jarvis Poulter, an idea that the rest of the town supports. Even Roth’s doctor, who prescribes nerve medicine to help Roth with her sleeplessness, says she would be much happier if she were married. However, Poulter does not find Roth to be a suitable wife and does not pursue her as such because she does not demonstrate the qualities that defined a marriageable woman of the times. The story, then, is not just about the role of women in the society but also about a lonely woman, an outcast of traditional society, and her search for companionship. Roth suffers from insomnia and goes to the doctor to get medication to help with her sleeplessness. The doctor suggests that Roth busies herself with things that are not considered womanly such as studying and writing. Her writing is considered an asset to the community, but not totally accepted as a woman is expected to marry and have a family. The town paper, the Vidette, which contains articles that would often be considered libelous by modern standards considers her young and fit enough to bear children, physically speaking she is marriageable material. The doctor suggests that she wear herself out by performing housewife tasks such as cleaning and exercising so that she may sleep. He also discourages her from reading and writing, as it is not required of her to do these things to ulfill her position in society. He suggests that marriage would solve most of her problems, though the medication he prescribes her is primarily prescribed to married women. The doctor is prescribing a remedy to her problems by becoming a housewife, while also prescribing medication that is given to housewives to treat the very condition she, as a single woman, had come to ameliorate. In the society portrayed in Meneseteung marriage is considered to be a cure-all for many of women’s problems. Why, asks the narrator, has Roth remained unmarried for so long? The narrator suspects that it is partly down to her desolate disposition. A caliginous personality is not one that is considered attractive and people tend to avoid developing social ties to her. Weighed down by burdens such as the loss of her family Roth is a loner with reading, writing, and the hopeless pursuit of Jarvis Poulter as her only aspirations in life and generally just does as she pleases. She dreams of marrying Poulter, an idea that the whole town supports, but he never showed an interest in her as she did not fit the imagine of a marriageable woman of the times. Despite this the narrator portrays Roth to be less of the â€Å"reckless hedonist† and more like a â€Å"tormented artist,† suffering as a result of her art. It is her particularity that makes her an eminent writer, but also not considered suitable to be taken as a wife. Women in this story are portrayed as weak and in need of men. One night, Roth is awoken by a drunk, abused woman at her fence. She is frightened and rushes to Poulter for help, and this is shown as being the first time in the story that she behaves like a typical woman of her time. She is no longer the poised, confident woman that Poulter has come to know her as and is attracted to her desperate vulnerability. Poulter was not attracted to her when she was poised and confident but once he had seen that she was weak, helpless, and in need of him he felt drawn to her as she finally fit the stereotypical image of a woman. Poulter deals with the drunken woman in a cruelly and insensitively and upon seeing this Roth loses interest in him. Poulter asks her to church and she declines and the two never pursue a relationship. Despite being portrayed as weak and in need of men, women are not powerless in marriage. One of a woman’s primary roles is to â€Å"create their husbands† by â€Å"ascribing preferences† to them. â€Å"This way, bewildered, sidelong-looking men are made over, made into husbands, heads of households. † Roth cannot see herself doing this, which urther separates her from the society in which she lives. After her rejection of Poulter’s interests Roth retreats into the vivid aberration brought upon her by the doctor’s nerve medicine and meets her death after becoming the target of menacing youths’ malevolent tormenting. This quote from the doctor, which I have chosen as the most profoundly meaningful, shows the thinking of the times. Women we re to marry to solve their own problems as well as to solve the problems of their husband. This short story is about a woman who is different from the social norm and her search for companionship and stability in her own life, as well as how breaking the norm had its own consequences. Her obsession with reading and writing, which was said to be more suitable as a hobby than profession, set her aside and earned her respect within her community while at the same time driving a wedge between her and a normal life because she did not spend her life marrying, becoming a wife, becoming a mother, and spending her days cleaning and caring for her family like a typical woman of the time. When Roth became vulnerable she became like every other woman and Poulter finally saw her as a possibility for marriage but his actions revolted Roth. The incident with the drunken woman disgusted her into a solitary existence with just her and her hallucinations brought on by the nerve medication prescribed by the doctor. The doctor suggested that by marrying, Roth would not require this medicine despite it being most commonly prescribed for married women. So, then, Almeda Roth could not live with herself as a normal woman yet not being a typical woman is what eventually led to her demise.

Economic progress essays

Economic progress essays The economy is a mechanism that allocates scarce resources among competing uses. One of the most crucial parts of any country which can make it powerful and outstanding is economic. Economic activity is what people do to cope with scarcity. It is obvious that any of us deals with things which are related to the economy every day. From a long time ago economist try to analyse the economy of each situation, to predict the future economics and to describe the function and working parts of an economy. The three most famous economists whose theories were studied in this course were Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Robert Malthus. When we read these three economist's theories we recognize that Adam smith was optimistic while David Ricardo and Malthus were approximately pessimistic. In 1776, new technologies were being invented and applied to the manufacture of cotton, wool, Iron, transportation and agriculture in what came to be called the "industrial revolution". Adam smith was keenly interested in these events .he wrote the treatise that founded economic science, An inquiry into the nature and causes of the Wealth of nations. Adam smith who is called the father of economy believed in capitalist's system which contains market regulates the prices, production and income and the government do not interfere (Laissez-Faire) and the "invisible hand" which he used to demonstrate how self-interest guides the most efficient use of resources in a nation's economy, with public welfare coming as a by-product. When each person makes the best possible economic choice, that choice leads as if by "an invisible hand" to the best out come for society as whole. Smith's belief that competition, the market's invisible hand, would lead to proper pricing played a large role in hi s economic policy recommendations. He therefore strongly opposed any government intervention into business affairs. Trade restrictions, minimum wage laws, and product regulation were a...

Truckers vs. Uber Who Has The Edge

Truckers vs. Uber Who Has The Edge Over at CareersInGear.com, trucking experts are examining the rising domination of Uber and wondering what the implications are for the trucking industry. First off, what is Uber? It’s a self-employed taxi service where drivers register their own vehicles and riders can book cars, negotiate rates, and leave reviews. Drivers get to review passengers too, so it’s in everyone’s best interest to behave professionally. The positives are easy access door-to-door service; the major con, according to critics, is the service’s predatory effect on cab drivers and professional limo operators.On the surface, it would seem like off-duty truckers could make some easy money by becoming Uber drivers on the side. One, it would be easier to connect with dispatchers and customers since Uber is available on smartphones; and two, drivers wouldn’t  have to wait to be hired. But the potential risks may outweigh those rewards- you wouldn’t have to be a seasoned tr uck driver to book rides on Uber, which could result in less experienced drivers finding themselves in dangerous situations or hurting the reputations of drivers who are properly licensed.There is currently no way to verify that your driver even has a license on Uber- much less to ascertain they have a DOT-approved CDL or the relevant endorsements. There would also need to be tracking systems, a paper trail to enforce existing regulations, and mechanisms to ensure drivers’ safety.And let’s not forget, truckers already have Uber-like systems that allow drivers to book hauls online, customers to track deliveries, and dispatchers to set up and distribute jobs. Until Uber can provide something more than a risky opportunity for independent drivers seeking to line up their own work, it doesn’t have much to offer the already in-demand trucking industry.

Play report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Play report - Essay Example Attending this show made for an unforgettable experience because it helped me acknowledge the Filipino Americans’ experience in the US. The play mainly illustrates â€Å"the difficulties of assimilation† (Valois). It is impossible to remain oblivious to the highly significant cultural idea behind the play. I really liked how watching the performance caused me to reminisce about my own coming of age experience. I am sure every audience member must have reflected on their coming of age celebrations during the show. This was one of the most powerful aspects of the play because it made every viewer relate with the show regardless of sociocultural differences. Since each family is different and has its own way of celebrating things, I realized how different my coming of age celebration was from what I saw in The Debutante’s Ball. One good thing that came out of this realization was that it opened my eyes to many cultural differences around me which I did not notice be fore. The merge of Filipino and American cultures is not a very common thing to see in theatre in the American culture. It is claimed that the play captures highly â€Å"interesting details of the Filipino-American community in which the tale is set† (Valois). During the play, I found myself significantly influenced by the way this melting-pot aspect of the US culture was demonstrated. The actors played this aspect quite intelligently which helped to immerse all audience members in the show. This feature of the play is very influential given the way my mind reacted to it. I could not remain unaffected by the way the girl who played Ana demonstrated her frustration when trying to fit in the US culture while being under the pressure to hold on to her original roots as well. I can now easily relate with such cultural struggles which form an important part of the play I watched. It can be

Fashion and its role in our daily lives Research Paper

Fashion and its role in our daily lives - Research Paper Example The paper "Fashion and its role in our daily lives" discovers the role of fashion. More than this, it is the fashion retailer with added promotions and media hypes to boost up the consumer’s need to have the new piece of clothing for his own social projection. A lot of say is also from the word of mouth approach which suggests that the friends and family circles play a very positive and vibrant role in the whole equation. Furthermore, when one talks about the consumers’ needs of understanding their own self in a better manner, one must make note of the self concept which discusses a person’s understanding of his own personality and what does or does not echo his personal statements. This could include issues like his mood shifts that can happen with the changing seasons, the attachment of peculiar feelings with certain colors and going out of the way to buy a certain piece of cloth which is usually not considered a viable option when it comes to buying by the mas ses. Thus the self concept is quintessential since it underpins his own notions related with the fashion needs and in what manner he can best fulfill the very same. As stated earlier, the people who are considered amongst the aspired groups by the relevant sets of consumers, who are about to make a potential purchase, are the right people to which these consumers can actually focus their symbolic wishes and aspirations. This aspired group could be consisting of those people who are looked upon at by the consumers with a sense of desire. and yearning and the consumers always make sure that they buy this just to remain attached with the aspired group. When it comes to these aspired groups, one can easily understand that they consist of models, celebrities, sportspersons or just about anybody who the consumers think worthy of being hailed as something different, so much so to bring about a different in their belief system. Thus symbolic consumption forms up as a very imperative part of the whole thinking mindset of the consumers before they hope to change their fashion practices and mold their own selves in line with what should be their need and in what manner they would fulfill the very same. Rightly put, consumers of fashion are very conscious of their needs and wishes and usually they go out of their budgets to satisfy their whims. This means that there is a lot of room for strengthening the products in the best manner possible when the talk is of quality rather than mere quantity (Thorsell, 2011). Versace has adopted on to the bandwagon of having celebrity endorsements for its fashion apparels and products, much like the other well-known fashion labels that are operational all round the world. Elton John, Axl Rose, Late Princess Diana, Beyonce, The Notorious B.I.G, Elizabeth Hurley, Jennifer Lopez, Demi Moore, Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Madonna, Halle Berry, Kate Moss, Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Angela Lindvall, Carolyn Murphy, Christy Turlington, Daria Werbowy and Miriam Escott IV are some of the prominent ones to make Versace such a huge name in the world of fashion. Needless to state, when one tries to understand the rationale behind advertising in the realms of fashion it is quintessential to comprehend that fashion advertising brings with it a sense of bonding and creating linkages amongst the different social groups present within any society. The social groups to which the consumers try their best to attach with have a lot of positive say on the sale of a particular category of fashion (Mcconathy, 2001). This means that

Police recruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Police recruitment - Essay Example The enrollment and retention of police officers is a significant challenge for police agents. This problem is exacerbated by pending retirements, local budget crises, military calls, heavy competition by qualified applicants and the ever changing work preferences of the young people. All these issues are arising at a time when there are increased homeland security demands and high levels of crime in American cities. Many police agencies find difficulties in recruiting minority and female officers. Also, the economic downturn if late 2008 and early 2009 presented profound setbacks on the budgets of local agencies (Rand.org). The impact of the economic downturn was enough to impede the ability of local police departments to maintain a proper workforce. The agencies are unable to recruit more police officers into their ranks. Other agencies went further to lay off police officers and institute hiring freezes. Even in times of financial difficulty, it is important to carry out proper rec ruitment strategies. The law enforcement agencies success starts with its recruitment strategies. Hiring and retaining shortcomings that have plagued the law enforcement agencies all over the United States persist today. Many applicants who are mainly recruited for policing are being recruited by other industries. Small and rural police departments are finding it impossible to compete against their larger counterparts in the hiring efforts. With the changing demographics, law enforcement agencies must ensure that their department’s staff represents the communities they serve.

An analysis of sigmund freuds level of consciousness Essay Example for Free

An analysis of sigmund freuds level of consciousness Essay Sigmund Freud, born in 1856, was an Austrian neurologist and physiologist. Today, Freud is known as â€Å"one of the most influential and authoritative thinkers of the twentieth century†(Berger). Throughout his lifetime, which had ended in September of 1939, Freud had many theories, however, his most well known as the â€Å"psychoanalytic theory of personality development,† which argued that the human psyche is divided into three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. In the novel Lord of the Flies, many readers believed that the author, William Goldberg, applied Freud’s theory to the characters in the book. Based off of Sigmund Freud’s â€Å"psychoanalytic theory of personality development,† Jack Merridew was the id in the story, while Piggy was the superego, and Ralph was the ego. According to Freud’s theory, the id relies directly on instinct as they go through life, ignoring the logistics of reality and the possible consequences. Freud gives an example of an id by comparing it to an infant, who often demands immediate satisfaction, and will react poorly if their needs are not immediately fulfilled. In Lord of the Flies, Jack Merridew is a representation of how a newborn child with power and motor skills could act. When Jack and his hunters leave to hunt for pig and neglected his fireside duties, there is a connection with Freud’s theory. Jack did what would give him direct pleasure, which was, at the time, to hunt. However, because of Jack’s needs, the fire had been allowed to go out and the boys missed one of their only opportunities of rescue, as a ship traveled by the island, but there was no signal smoke. This event highlights Jack’s connections to the id because he had no consideration or thought of what the outcome would be if he was constantly caught up in his own needs. Another time when Jack’s actions relate to Freud’s theory is when the boys are having an assembly to discuss the best sightings. During the assembly, Jack attempts to take Ralph’s power away by causing a disturbance and questioning Ralph’s leadership in front of the whole group. Once again breaking the rules of the conch, Jack shouts, â€Å"And you shut up! Who are you, anyway? Sitting there telling people what to do. You can’t hunt, you can’t sing—†(Golding 91). Clearly, Jack is challenging Ralph’s authority in an attempt to shift it to himself, ignoring the fact that Ralph is a better leader. Jack’s overwhelming need for power convinces him that the position of the leader should be his. Before Ralph, Roger, and Jack start their climb up the mountain to see the beast, Ralph says something that highlights Jack’s connections to the id throughout the whole book. While Ralph was challenging Jack, the text reads, â€Å"For the first time since he had first known Jack, Ralph could feel him hesitate†(Goldberg 122). This quote backs up the fact that for the most part, Jack had gone through his days on the island acting on instinct without a single hesitation. It was only in this moment of time that Ralph could sense any sort of hesitation from Jack, and it would be the only time.

Alcohol Consumption :: Health Alcohol Drinking Essays

Alcohol Consumption As we discussed in class, there is a concept that each individual has more than one "self." An individual has both a physical "self" and a mental or emotional "self." I will give you an example to illustrate this concept. Many people who wake up to an alarm in the morning often find it very difficult to get themselves out of bed. They may know that they will be late for class or for work if they stay in bed but their bodies are in need of more sleep. This is an example of a conflict between the two selves. Although there are arguably two selves, they are actually both rooted in the physical. As a result, a chemical change in the body can result in a significant change in the mental/emotional self. Specifically, I will explore how the effects of alcohol consumption can significantly impact one's choices, how causing a physical change by choice can influence a person mentally. The experiment that I designed following the "Time to Think?" lab heightened my interest on how alcohol consumption effects the body and the brain. As I looked into research about alcohol consumption I visited the websites for the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the American Medical Association under the assumption that they would provide a significant amount of research regarding the biological effects of alcohol consumption. I actually found a much larger concentration of material covering the dangerous and/or self-destructive actions taken when under the influence of alcohol, specifically as a result of binge drinking. Still, I will begin my discussing the basic biology of what takes place as a result of alcohol consumption. So, what's happening to one's brain as an individual consumes more and more alcohol? If one drinks two drinks in one hour or one reaches a blood alcohol level of .02 - .06% the association area of the cerebrum is progressively affected. This impairs one's ability to reason as well his/her judgement. Symptoms include dizziness, less inhibited behavior, overestimation of skills, and slower reaction time. After consuming two to three drinks in one hour or one reaches a blood alcohol level of .6 - .10% most of the cerebrum is progressively affected. The ability to reason, judgement, one's senses, merit, coordination, vision, and speech are all functions that are affected and/or impaired.

Prelude to Foundation Chapter 16 Officers

RAYCH-†¦ According to Hari Seldon, the original meeting with Raych was entirely accidental. He was simply a gutter urchin from whom Seldon had asked directions. But his life, from that moment on, continued to be intertwined with that of the great mathematician until†¦ Encyclopedia Galactica 77. The next morning, dressed from the waist down, having washed and shaved, Seldon knocked on the door that led to Dors's adjoining room and said in a moderate voice, â€Å"Open the door, Dors.† She did. The short reddish-gold curls of her hair were still wet and she too was dressed only from the waist down. Seldon stepped back in embarrassed alarm. Dors looked down at the swell of her breasts indifferently and wrapped a towel around her head. â€Å"What is it?† she asked. Seldon said, looking off to his right, â€Å"I was going to ask you about Wye.† Dors said very naturally, â€Å"About why in connection with what? And for goodness sake, don't make me talk to your ear. Surely, you're not a virgin.† Seldon said in a hurt tone, â€Å"I was merely trying to be polite. If you don't mind, I certainly don't. And it's not why about what. I'm asking about the Wye Sector.† â€Å"Why do you want to know? Or, if you prefer: Why Wye?† â€Å"Look, Dors, I'm serious. Every once in a while, the Wye Sector is mentioned-the Mayor of Wye, actually. Hummin mentioned him, you did, Davan did. I don't know anything about either the sector or the Mayor.† â€Å"I'm not a native Trantorian either, Hari. I know very little, but you're welcome to what I do know. Wye is near the south pole-quite large, very populous-â€Å" â€Å"Very populous at the south pole?† â€Å"We're not on Helicon, Hari. Or on Cinna either. This is Trantor. Everything is underground and underground at the poles or underground at the equator is pretty much the same. Of course, I imagine they keep their day-night arrangements rather extreme-long days in their summer, long nights in their winter-almost as it would be on the surface. The extremes are just affectation; they're proud of being polar.† â€Å"But Upperside they must be cold, indeed.† â€Å"Oh yes. The Wye Upperside is snow and ice, but it doesn't lie as thickly there as you might think. If it did, it might crush the dome, but it doesn't and that is the basic reason for Wye's power.† She turned to her mirror, removed the towel from her head, and threw the dry-net over her hair, which, in a matter of five seconds, gave it a pleasant sheen. She said, â€Å"You have no idea how glad I am not to be wearing a skincap,† as she put on the upper portion of her clothing. â€Å"What has the ice layer to do with Wye's power?† â€Å"Think about it. Forty billion people use a great deal of power and every calorie of it eventually degenerates into heat and has to be gotten rid of. It's piped to the poles, particularly to the south pole, which is the more developed of the two, and is discharged into space. It [melts] most of the ice in the process and I'm sure that accounts for Trantor's clouds and rains, no matter how much the meteorology boggins insist that things are more complicated than that.† â€Å"Does Wye make use of the power before discharging it?† â€Å"They may, for all I know. I haven't the slightest idea, by the way, as to the technology involved in discharging the heat, but I'm talking about political power. If Dahl were to stop producing usable energy, that would certainly inconvenience Trantor, but there are other sectors that produce energy and can up their production and, of course, there is stored energy in one form or another. Eventually, Dahl would have to be dealt with, but there would be time. Wye, on the other hand-â€Å" â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"Well, Wye gets rid of at least 90 percent of all the heat developed on Trantor and there is no substitute. If Wye were to shut down its heat emission, the temperature would start going up all over Trantor.† â€Å"In Wye too.† â€Å"[Yes], but since Wye is at the south pole, it can arrange an influx of cold air. It wouldn't do much good, but Wye would last longer than the rest of Trantor. The point is, then, that Wye is a very touchy problem for the Emperor and the Mayor of Wye is-or at least can be-extremely powerful.† â€Å"And what kind of a person is the present Mayor of Wye?† â€Å"That I don't know. What I've occasionally heard would make it seem that he is very old and pretty much a recluse, but hard as a hypership hull and still cleverly maneuvering for power.† â€Å"Why, I wonder? If he's that old, he couldn't hold the power for long.† â€Å"Who knows, Hari? A lifelong obsession, I suppose. Or else it's the game†¦ the maneuvering for power, without any real longing for the power itself. Probably if he had the power and took over Demerzel's place or even the Imperial throne itself, he would feel disappointed because the game would be over. Of course he might, if he was still alive, begin the subsequent game of keeping power, which might be just as difficult and just as satisfying.† Seldon shook his head. â€Å"It strikes me that no one could possibly want to be Emperor.† â€Å"No sane person would, I [free], but the ‘Imperial wish,' as it is frequently called, is like a disease that, when caught, drives out sanity. And the closer you get to high office, the more likely you are to catch the disease. With each ensuing promotion-â€Å" â€Å"The disease grows still more acute. Yes, I can see that. But it also seems to me that Trantor is so huge a world, so interlocking in its needs and so conflicting in its ambitions, that it makes up the major part of the inability of the Emperor to rule. Why doesn't he just leave Trantor and establish himself on some simpler world?† Dors laughed. â€Å"You wouldn't ask that if you knew your history. Trantor is the Empire through thousands of years of custom. An Emperor who is not at the Imperial Palace is not the Emperor. He is a place, even more than a person.† Seldon sank into silence, his face rigid, and after a while Dors asked, â€Å"What's the matter, Hari?† â€Å"I'm thinking,† he said in a muffled voice. â€Å"Ever since you told me that hand-on-thigh story, I've had fugitive thoughts that-Now your remark about the Emperor being a place rather than a person seems to have struck a chord.† â€Å"What kind of chord?† Seldon shook his head. â€Å"I'm still thinking. I may be all wrong.† His glance at Dors sharpened, his eyes coming into focus. â€Å"In any case, we ought to go down and have breakfast. We're late and I don't think Mistress Tisalver is in a good enough humor to have it brought in for us.† â€Å"You optimist,† said Dors. â€Å"My own feeling is that she's not in a good enough humor to want us to stay-breakfast or not. She wants us out of here.† â€Å"That may be, but we're paying her.† â€Å"Yes, but I suspect she hates us enough by now to scorn our credits.† â€Å"Perhaps her husband will feel a bit more affectionate concerning the rent.† â€Å"If he has a single word to say, Hari, the only person who would be more surprised than me to hear it would be Mistress Tisalver.-Very well, I'm ready.† And they moved down the stairs to the Tisalver portion of the apartment to find the lady in question waiting for them with less than breakfast-and with considerably more too. 78. Casilia Tisalver stood ramrod straight with a tight smile on her round face and her dark eyes glinting. Her husband was leaning moodily against the wall. In the center of the room were two men who were standing stiffly upright, as though they had noticed the cushions on the floor but scorned them. Both had the dark crisp hair and the chick black mustache to be expected of Dahlites. Both were thin and both were dressed in dark clothes so nearly alike that they were surely uniforms. There was thin white piping up and over the shoulders and down the sides of the tubular trouser legs. Each had, on the right side of his chest, a rather dim Spaceship-and-Sun, the symbol of the Galactic Empire on every inhabited world of the Galaxy, with, in this case, a dark â€Å"D† in the center of the sun. Seldon realized immediately that these were two members of the Dahlite security forces. â€Å"What's all this?† said Seldon sternly. One of the men stepped forward. â€Å"I am Sector Officer Lanel Russ. This is my partner, Gebore Astinwald.† Both presented glittering identification holo-tabs. Seldon didn't bother looking at them. â€Å"What it is you want?† Russ said calmly, â€Å"Are you Hari Seldon of Helicon?† â€Å"I am.† â€Å"And are you Dors Venabili of Cinna, Mistress?† â€Å"I am,† said Dors. â€Å"I'm here to investigate a complaint that one Hari Seldon instigated a riot yesterday.† â€Å"I did no such thing,† said Seldon. â€Å"Our information is,† said Russ, looking at the screen of a small computer pad, â€Å"that you accused a newsman of being an Imperial agent, thus instigating a riot against him.† Dors said, â€Å"It was I who said he was an Imperial agent, Officer. I had reason to think he was. It is surely no crime to express one's opinion. The Empire has freedom of speech.† â€Å"That does not cover an opinion deliberately advanced in order to instigate a riot.† â€Å"How can you say it was, Officer?† At this point, Mistress Tisalver interposed in a shrill voice, â€Å"I can say it, Officer. She saw there was a crowd present, a crowd of gutter people who were just looking for trouble. She deliberately said he was an Imperial agent when she knew nothing of the sort and she shouted it to the crowd to stir them up. It was plain that she knew what she was doing.† â€Å"Casilia,† said her husband pleadingly, but she cast one look at him and he said no more. Russ turned to Mistress Tisalver. â€Å"Did you lodge the complaint, Mistress?† â€Å"Yes. These two have been living here for a few days and they've done nothing but make trouble. They've invited people of low reputation into my apartment, damaging my standing with my neighbors.† â€Å"Is it against the law, Officer,† asked Seldon, â€Å"to invite clean, quiet citizens of Dahl into one's room? The two rooms upstairs are our rooms. We have rented them and they are paid for. Is it a crime to speak to Dahlites in Dahl, Officer?† â€Å"No, it is not,† said Russ. â€Å"That is not part of the complaint. What gave you reason, Mistress Venabili, to suppose the person you so accused was, in fact, an Imperial agent?† Dors said, â€Å"He had a small brown mustache, from which I concluded he was not a Dahlite. I surmised he was an Imperial agent.† â€Å"You surmised? Your associate, Master Seldon, has no mustache at all. Do you surmise he is an Imperial agent?† â€Å"In any case,† said Seldon hastily, â€Å"there was no riot. We asked the crowd to take no action against the supposed newsman and I'm sure they didn't.† â€Å"You're sure, Master Seldon?† said Russ. â€Å"Our information is that you left immediately after making your accusation. How could you witness what happened after you left?† â€Å"I couldn't,† said Seldon, â€Å"but let me ask you-Is the man dead? Is the man hurt?† â€Å"The man has been interviewed. He denies he is an Imperial agent and we have no information that he is. He also claims he was handled roughly.† â€Å"He may well be lying in both respects,† said Seldon. â€Å"I would suggest a Psychic Probe.† â€Å"That cannot be done on the victim of a crime,† said Russ. â€Å"The sector government is very firm on that. It might do if you two, as the criminals in this case, each underwent a Psychic Probe. Would you like us to do that?† Seldon and Dors exchanged glances for a moment, then Seldon said, â€Å"No, of course not.† â€Å"Of course not,† repeated Russ with just a tinge of sarcasm in his voice, â€Å"but you're ready enough to suggest it for someone else.† The other officer, Astinwald, who had so far not said a word, smiled at this. Russ said, â€Å"We also have information that two days ago you engaged in a knife fight in Billibotton and badly hurt a Dahlite citizen named†-he struck a button on his computer pad and studied the new page on the screen-â€Å"Elgin Marron.† Dors said, â€Å"Does your information tell you how the fight started?† â€Å"That is irrelevant at the moment, Mistress. Do you deny that the fight took place?† â€Å"Of course we don't deny the fight took place,† said Seldon hotly, â€Å"but we deny that we in any way instigated that. We were attacked. Mistress Venabili was seized by this Marron and it was clear he was attempting to rape her. What happened afterward was pure self-defense. Or does Dahl condone rape?† Russ said with very little intonation in his voice, â€Å"You say you were attacked? By how many?† â€Å"Ten men.† â€Å"And you alone-with a woman-defended yourself against ten men?† â€Å"Mistress Venabili and I defended ourselves. Yes.† â€Å"How is it, then, that neither of you shows any damage whatever? Are either of you cut or bruised where it doesn't show right now?† â€Å"No, Officer.† â€Å"How is it, then, that in the fight of one-plus a woman-against ten, you are in no way hurt, but that the complainant, Elgin Marron, has been hospitalized with wounds and will require a skin transplant on his upper lip?† â€Å"We fought well,† said Seldon grimly. â€Å"Unbelievably well. What would you say if I told you that three men have testified that you and your friend attacked Marron, unprovoked?† â€Å"I would say that it belies belief that we should. I'm sure that Marron has a record as a brawler and knifeman. I tell you that there were ten there. Obviously, six refused to swear to a lie. Do the other three explain why they did not come to the help of their friend if they witnessed him under unprovoked attack and in danger of his life? It must be clear to you that they are lying.† â€Å"Do you suggest a Psychic Probe for them?† â€Å"Yes. And before you ask, I still refuse to consider one for us.† Russ said, â€Å"We have also received information that yesterday, after leaving the scene of the riot, you consulted with one Davan, a known subversive who is wanted by the security police. Is that true?† â€Å"You'll have to prove that without help from us,† said Seldon. â€Å"We're not answering any further questions.† Russ put away his pad. â€Å"I'm afraid I must ask you to come with us to headquarters for further interrogation.† â€Å"I don't think that's necessary, Officer,† said Seldon. â€Å"We are Outworlders who have done nothing criminal. We have tried to avoid a newsman who was annoying us unduly, we tried to protect ourselves against rape and possible murder in a part of the sector known for criminal behavior, and we've spoken to various Dahlites. We see nothing there to warrant our further questioning. It would come under the heading of harassment.† â€Å"We make these decisions,† said Russ. â€Å"Not you. Will you please come with us?† â€Å"No, we will not,† said Dors. â€Å"Watch out!† cried out Mistress Tisalver. â€Å"She's got two knives.† Officer Russ sighed and said, â€Å"Thank you, Mistress, but I know she does.† He turned to Dors. â€Å"Do you know it's a serious crime to carry a knife without a permit in this sector? Do you have a permit?† â€Å"No, Officer, I don't.† â€Å"It was clearly with an illegal knife, then, that you assaulted Marron? Do you realize that that greatly increases the seriousness of the crime?† â€Å"It was no crime, Officer,† said Dors. â€Å"Understand that. Marron had a knife as well and no permit, I am certain.† â€Å"We have no evidence to that effect and while Marron has knife wounds, neither of you have any.† â€Å"Of course he had a knife, Officer. If you don't know that every man in Billibotton and most men elsewhere in Dahl carry knives for which they probably don't have permits, then you're the only man in Dahl who doesn't know. There are shops here wherever you turn that sell knives openly. Don't you know that?† Russ said, â€Å"It doesn't matter what I know or don't know in this respect. Nor does it matter whether other people are breaking the law or how many of them do. All that matters at this moment is that Mistress Venabili is breaking the anti-knife law. I must ask you to give up those knives to me right now, Mistress, and the two of you must then accompany me to headquarters.† Dors said, â€Å"In that case, take my knives away from me.† Russ sighed. â€Å"You must not think, Mistress, that knives are all the weapons there are in Dahl or that I need engage you in a knife fight. Both my partner and I have blasters that will destroy you in a moment, before you can drop your hands to your knife hilt-however fast you are. We won't use a blaster, of course, because we are not here to kill you. However, each of us also has a neuronic whip, which we can use on you freely. I hope you won't ask for a demonstration. It won't kill you, do you permanent harm of any kind, or leave any marks-but the pain is excruciating. My partner is holding a neuronic whip on you right now. And here is mine.-Now, let us have your knives, Mistress Venabili.† There was a moment's pause and then Seldon said, â€Å"It's no use, Dors. Give him your knives.† And at that moment, a frantic pounding sounded at the door and they all heard a voice raised in high-pitched expostulation. 79. Raych had not entirely left the neighborhood after he had walked them back to their apartment house. He had eaten well while waiting for the interview with Davan to be done and later had slept a bit after finding a bathroom that more or less worked. He really had no place to go now that all that was done. He had a home of sorts and a mother who was not likely to be perturbed if he stayed away for a while. She never was. He did not know who his father was and wondered sometimes if he really had one. He had been told he had to have one and the reasons for that had been explained to him crudely enough. Sometimes he wondered if he ought to believe so peculiar a story, but he did find the details titillating. He thought of that in connection with the lady. She was an old lady, of course, but she was pretty and she could fight like a man-better than a man. It filled him with vague notions. And she had offered to let him take a bath. He could swim in the Billibotton pool sometimes when he had some credits he didn't need for anything else or when he could sneak in. Those were the only times he got wet all over, but it was chilly and he had to wait to get dry. Taking a bath was different. There would be hot water, soap, towels, and warm air. He wasn't sure what it would feel like, except that it would be nice if she was there. He was walkway-wise enough to know of places where he could park himself in an alley off a walkway that would be near a bathroom and still be near enough to where she was, yet where he probably wouldn't be found and made to run away. He spent the night thinking strange thoughts. What if he did learn to read and write? Could he do something with that? He wasn't sure what, but maybe they could tell him. He had vague ideas of being paid money to do things he didn't know how to do now, but he didn't know what those things might be. He would have to be told, but how do you get told? If he stayed with the man and the lady, they might help. But why should they want him to stay with them? He drowsed off, coming to later, not because the light was brightening, but because his sharp ears caught the heightening and deepening of sounds from the walkway as the activities of the day began. He had learned to identify almost every variety of sound, because in the underground maze of Billibotton, if you wanted to survive with even a minimum of comfort, you had to be aware of things before you saw them. And there was something about the sound of a ground-car motor that he now heard that signaled danger to him. It had an official sound, a hostile sound. He shook himself awake and stole quietly toward the walkway. He scarcely needed to see the Spaceship-and-Sun on the ground-car. Its lines were enough. He knew they had to be coming for the man and the lady because they had seen Davan. He did not pause to question his thoughts or to analyze them. He was off on a run, beating his way through the gathering life of the day. He was back in less than fifteen minutes. The ground-car was still there and there were curious and cautious onlookers gazing at it from all sides and from a respectful distance. There would soon be more. He pounded his way up the stairs, trying to remember which door he should bang on. No time for the elevator. He found the door-at least he thought he did-and he banged, shouting in a squeak, â€Å"Lady! Lady!† He was too excited to remember her name, but he remembered part of the man's. â€Å"Hari!† he shouted. â€Å"Let me in.† The door opened and he rushed in-tried to rush in. The rough hand of an officer seized his arm. â€Å"Hold it, kid. Where do you think you're going?† â€Å"Leggo! I ain't done nothin'.† He looked about. â€Å"Hey, lady, what're they doin'?† â€Å"Arresting us,† said Dors grimly. â€Å"What for?† said Raych, panting and struggling. â€Å"Hey, leggo, you Sunbadger. Don't go with him, lady. You don't have to go with him.† â€Å"You get out,† said Russ, shaking the boy vehemently. â€Å"No, I ain't, You ain't either, Sunbadger. My whole gang is coming. You ain't gettin' out, less'n you let these guys go.† â€Å"What whole gang?† said Russ, frowning. â€Å"They're right outside now. Prob'ly takin' your ground-car apart. And they'll take yore apart.† Russ turned toward his partner, â€Å"Call headquarters. Have them send out a couple of trucks with Macros.† â€Å"No!† shrieked Raych, breaking loose and rushing at Astinwald. â€Å"Don't call!† Russ leveled his neuronic whip and fired. Raych shrieked, grasped at his right shoulder, and fell down, wriggling madly. Russ had not yet turned back to Seldon, when the latter, seizing him by the wrist, pushed the neuronic whip up in the air and then around and behind, while stamping on his foot to keep him relatively motionless. Hari could feel the shoulder dislocate, even while Russ emitted a hoarse, agonized yell. Astinwald raised his blaster quickly, but Dors's left arm was around his shoulder and the knife in her right hand was at his throat. â€Å"Don't move!† she said. â€Å"Move a millimeter, any part of you, and I cut you through your neck to the spine.-Drop the blaster. Drop it! And the neuronic whip.† Seldon picked up Raych, still moaning, and held him tightly. He turned to Tisalver and said, â€Å"There are people out there. Angry people. I'll have them in here and they'll break up everything you've got. They'll smash the walls. If you don't want that to happen, pick up those weapons and throw them into the next room. Take the weapons from the security officer on the door and do the same. Quickly! Get your wife to help. She'll think twice next time before sending in complaints against innocent people.-Dors, this one on the floor won't do anything for a while. Put the other one out of action, but don't kill him.† â€Å"Right,† said Dors. Reversing her knife, she struck him hard on the skull with the haft. He went to his knees. She made a face. â€Å"I hate doing that.† â€Å"They fired at Raych,† said Seldon, trying to mask his own sick feeling at what had happened. They left the apartment hurriedly and, once out on the walkway, found it choked with people, almost all men, who raised a shout when they saw them emerge. They pushed in close and the smell of poorly washed humanity was overpowering. Someone shouted, â€Å"Where are the Sunbadgers?† â€Å"Inside,† called out Dors piercingly. â€Å"Leave them alone. They'll be helpless for a while, but they'll get reinforcements, so get out of here fast.† â€Å"What about you?† came from a dozen throats. â€Å"We're getting out too. We won't be back.† â€Å"I'll take care of them,† shrilled Raych, struggling out of Seldon's arms and standing on his feet. He was rubbing his right shoulder madly. â€Å"I can walk. Lemme past.† The crowd opened for him and he said, â€Å"Mister, lady, come with me. Fast!† They were accompanied down the walkway by several dozen men and then Raych suddenly gestured at an opening and muttered, â€Å"In here, folks. I'll rake ya to a place no one will ever find ya. Even Davan prob'ly don't know it. Only thing is, we got to go through the sewer levels. No one will see us there, but it's sort of stinky†¦ know what I mean?† â€Å"I imagine we'll survive,† muttered Seldon. And down they went along a narrow spiraling ramp and up rose the mephitic odors to greet them. 80. Raych found them a hiding place. It had meant climbing up the metal rungs of a ladder and it had led them to a large loftlike room, the use of which Seldon could not imagine. It was filled with equipment, bulky and silent, the function of which also remained a mystery. The room was reasonably clean and free of dust and a steady draft of air wafted through that prevented the dust from settling and-more important seemed to lessen the odor. Raych seemed pleased. â€Å"Ain't this nice?† he demanded. He still rubbed his shoulder now and then and winced when he rubbed too hard. â€Å"It could be worse,† said Seldon. â€Å"Do you know what this place is used for, Raych?† Raych shrugged or began to do so and winced. â€Å"I dunno,† he said. Then he added with a touch of swagger, â€Å"Who cares?† Dors, who had sat down on the floor after brushing it with her hand and then looking suspiciously at her palm, said, â€Å"If you want a guess, I think this is part of a complex that is involved in the detoxification and recycling of wastes. The stuff must surely end up as fertilizer.† â€Å"Then,† said Seldon gloomily, â€Å"those who run the complex will be down here periodically and may come at any moment, for all we know.† â€Å"I been here before,† said Raych. â€Å"I never saw no one here.† â€Å"I suppose Trantor is heavily automated wherever possible and if anything calls for automation it would be this treatment of wastes,† said Dors. â€Å"We may be safe†¦ for a while.† â€Å"Not for long. We'll get hungry and thirsty, Dors.† â€Å"I can get food and water for us,† said Raych. â€Å"Ya got to know how to make out if you're an alley kid.† â€Å"Thank you, Raych,† said Seldon absently, â€Å"but right now I'm not hungry.† He sniffed. â€Å"I may never be hungry again.† â€Å"You will be,† said Dors, â€Å"and even if you lose your appetite for a while, you'll get thirsty. At least elimination is no problem. We're practically living over what is clearly an open sewer.† There was silence for a while. The light was dim and Seldon wondered why the Trantorians didn't keep it dark altogether. But then it occurred to him that he had never encountered true darkness in any public area. It was probably a habit in an energy-rich society. Strange that a world of forty billion should be energy-rich, but with the internal heat of the planet to draw upon, to say nothing of solar energy and nuclear fusion plants in space, it was. In fact, come to think of it, there was no energy-poor planet in the Empire. Was there a time when technology had been so primitive that energy poverty was possible? He leaned against a system of pipes through which-for all he knew-sewage ran. He drew away from the pipes as the thought occurred to him and he sat down next to Dors. He said, â€Å"Is there any way we can get in touch with Chetter Hummin?† Dors said, â€Å"As a matter of fact, I did send a message, though I hated to.† â€Å"You hated to?† â€Å"My orders are to protect you. Each time I have to get in touch with him, it means I've failed.† Seldon regarded her out of narrowed eyes. â€Å"Do you have to be so compulsive, Dors? You can't protect me against the security officers of an entire sector.† â€Å"I suppose not. We can disable a few-â€Å" â€Å"I know. We did. But they'll send out reinforcements†¦ armored ground-cars†¦ neuronic cannon†¦ sleeping mist. I'm not sure what they have, but they're going to throw in their entire armory. I'm sure of it.† â€Å"You're probably right,† said Dors, her mouth tightening. â€Å"They won't find ya, lady,† said Raych suddenly. His sharp eyes had moved from one to the other as they talked. â€Å"They never find Davan.† Dors smiled without joy and ruffled the boy's hair, then looked at the palm of her hand with a little dismay. She said, â€Å"I'm not sure if you ought to stay with us, Raych. I don't want them finding you.† â€Å"They won't find me and if I leave ya, who'll get ya food and water and who'll find ya new hidin' places, so the Sunbadgers'll never know where to look?† â€Å"No, Raych, they'll find us. They don't really look too hard for Davan. He annoys them, but I suspect they don't take him seriously. Do you know what I mean?† â€Å"You mean he's just a pain in the†¦ the neck and they figure he ain't worth chasing all over the lot.† â€Å"Yes, that's what I mean. But you see, we hurt two of the officers very badly and they're not going to let us get away with that. If it takes their whole force-if they have to sweep through every hidden or unused corridor in the sector-they'll get us.† Raych said, â€Å"That makes me feel like†¦ like [natin'n']. If I didn't run in there and get zapped, ya wouldn't have taken out them officers and ya wouldn't be in such trouble.† â€Å"No, sooner or later, we'd have-uh-taken them out. Who knows? We may have to take out a few more.† â€Å"Well, ya did it beautiful,† said Raych. â€Å"If I hadn't been aching all over, I could've watched more and enjoyed it.† Seldon said, â€Å"It wouldn't do us any good to try to fight the entire security system. The question is: What will they do to us once they have us? A prison sentence, surely.† â€Å"Oh no. If necessary, we'll have to appeal to the Emperor,† put in Dors. â€Å"The Emperor?† said Raych, wide-eyed. â€Å"You know the Emperor?† Seldon waved at the boy. â€Å"Any Galactic citizen can appeal to the Emperor.-That strikes me as the wrong thing to do, Dors. Ever since Hummin and I left the Imperial Sector, we've been evading the Emperor.† â€Å"Not to the extent of being thrown into a Dahlite prison. The Imperial appeal will serve as a delay-in any case, a diversion-and perhaps in the course of that delay, we can think of something else.† â€Å"There's Hummin.† â€Å"Yes, there is,† said Dors uneasily, â€Å"but we can't consider him the do-it-all. For one thing, even if my message reached him and even if he was able to rush to Dahl, how would he find us here? And, even if he did, what could he do against the entire Dahlite security force?† â€Å"In that case,† said Seldon. â€Å"We're going to have to think of something we can do before they find us.† Raych said, â€Å"If ya follow me, I can keep ya ahead of them. I know every place there is around here.† â€Å"You can keep us ahead of one person, but there'll be a great many, moving down any number of corridors. We'll escape one group and bump into another.† They sat in uncomfortable silence for a good while, each confronting what seemed to be a hopeless situation. Then Dors Venabili stirred and said in a tense, low whisper, â€Å"They're here. I hear them.† For a while, they strained, listening, then Raych sprang to his feet and hissed, â€Å"They comin' that way. We gotta go this way.† Seldon, confused, heard nothing at all, but would have been content to trust the others' superior hearing, but even as Raych began moving hastily and quietly away from the direction of the approaching tread, a voice rang out echoing against the sewer walls. â€Å"Don't move. Don't move.† And Raych said, â€Å"That's Davan. How'd he know we were here?† â€Å"Davan?† said Seldon. â€Å"Are you sure?† â€Å"Sure I'm sure. He'll help.† 81. Davan asked, â€Å"What happened?† Seldon felt minimally relieved. Surely, the addition of Davan could scarcely count against the full force of the Dahl Sector, but, then again, he commanded a number of people who might create enough confusion. He said, â€Å"You should know, Davan. I suspect that many of the crowd who were at Tisalver's place this morning were your people.† â€Å"Yes, a number were. The story is that you were being arrested and that you manhandled a squadron of Sunbadgers. But why were you being arrested?† â€Å"Two,† said Seldon, lifting two fingers. â€Å"Two Sunbadgers. And that's bad enough. Part of the reason we were being arrested was that we had gone to see you.† â€Å"That's not enough. The Sunbadgers don't bother with me much as a general thing.† He added bitterly, â€Å"They underestimate me.† â€Å"Maybe,† said Seldon, â€Å"but the woman from whom we rent our rooms reported us for having started a riot†¦ over the newsman we ran into on our way to you. You know about that. With your people on the scene yesterday and again this morning and with two officers badly hurt, they may well decide to clean out these corridors-and that means you will suffer. I really am sorry. I had no intention or expectation of being the cause of any of this.† But Davan shook his head. â€Å"No, you don't know the Sunbadgers. That's not enough either. They don't want to clean us up. The sector would have to do something about us if they did. They're only too happy to let us rot in Billibotton and the other slums. No, they're after you. What have you done?† Dors said impatiently, â€Å"We've done nothing and, in any case, what does it matter? If they're not after you and they are after us, they're going to come down here to flush us out. If you get in the way, you'll be in deep trouble.† â€Å"No, not me. I have friends-powerful friends,† said Davan. â€Å"I told you that last night. And they can help you as well as me. When you refused to help us openly, I got in touch with them. They know who you are, Dr. Seldon. You're a famous man. They're in a position to talk to the Mayor of Dahl and see to it that you are left alone, whatever you have done. But you'll have to be taken away-out of Dahl.† Seldon smiled. Relief flooded over him. He said, â€Å"You know someone powerful, do you, Davan? Someone who responds at once, who has the ability to talk the Dahl government out of taking drastic steps, and who can take us away? Good. I'm not surprised.† He turned to Dors, smiling. â€Å"It's Mycogen all over again. How does Hummin do it?† But Dors shook her head. â€Å"Too quick.-I don't understand.† Seldon said, â€Å"I believe he can do anything.† â€Å"I know him better than you do-and longer-and I don't believe that.† Seldon smiled, â€Å"Don't underestimate him.† And then, as though anxious not to linger longer on that subject, he turned to Davan. â€Å"But how did you find us? Raych said you knew nothing about this place.† â€Å"He don't,† shrilled Raych indignantly. â€Å"This place is all mine. I found it.† â€Å"I've never been here before,† said Davan, looking about. â€Å"It's an interesting place. Raych is a corridor creature, perfectly at home in this maze.† â€Å"Yes, Davan, we gathered as much ourselves. But how did you find it?† â€Å"A heat-seeker. I have a device that detects infra-red radiation, the particular thermal pattern that is given off at thirty-seven degrees Celsius. It will react to the presence of human beings and not to other heat sources. It reacted to you three.† Dors was frowning. â€Å"What good is that on Trantor, where there are human beings everywhere? They have them on other worlds, but-â€Å" Davan said, â€Å"But not on Trantor. I know. Except that they are useful in the slums, in the forgotten, decaying corridors and alleyways.† â€Å"And where did you get it?† asked Seldon. Davan said, â€Å"It's enough that I have it.-But we've got to get you away, Master Seldon. Too many people want you and I want my powerful friend to have you.† â€Å"Where is he, this powerful friend of yours?† â€Å"He's approaching. At least a new thirty-seven-degree source is registering and I don't see that it can be anyone else.† Through the door strode a newcomer, but Seldon's glad exclamation died on his lips. It was not Chetter Hummin.